Highway non-recurrent congestion prediction using a multi-step spatio-temporal deep learning approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate forecasting of highway Non-Recurrent Congestion (NRC) is critical for modern transportation systems. However, this research remains in its early stages and is frequently constrained to single-step temporal prediction. To address this limitation, this research presents a novel approach that leverages the Dual-Stream Autoencoder Sequence-to-Sequence model (DS-AE-Seq2Seq) to create an accurate tool for quantitative, spatio-temporal, and multi-step prediction of highway NRC. The proposed model innovatively integrates an Autoencoder and a Seq2Seq encoder to process static and time-series data, respectively. The decoder generates spatio-temporal predictions using the outcomes of both streams. The model is tested with data collected from highway I-5 and I-405, USA. Results show that it not only outperforms benchmarks but also exhibits high prediction accuracy under extreme traffic conditions, including severe injury incidents and various levels of service. Additionally, the model demonstrated reliability, through a sensitivity analysis, across different distances and prediction horizons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".