Heron-like tracks from the Dunvegan Formation (Cenomanian), British Columbia: evidence for convergence in avian foot morphology
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A single trackway of the heron-like ichnogenus Ardeipeda sp. is described from alluvial plain sediments of the Cretaceous (middle Cenomanian; 96–97 Ma) Dunvegan Formation, British Columbia. This is both the largest avian footprint known from the Cretaceous, and the oldest (by >45 myr), report of the ichnogenus Ardeipeda. It cannot be proved or disproved that the trackmaker represented the extant heron family (Ardeidae); no body fossils of the family are known before the early Oligocene. Thus, it is inferred that the trackmaker was ecologically, rather than biotaxonomically, convergent with modern herons. This conclusion is consistent with growing evidence of convergence between Cretaceous, Cenozoic and extant avian track morphologies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it