Solar Orbiter's Comprehensive Solar Energetic Electron event Catalogue (CoSEE-Cat): a new resource for studying particle acceleration and transport in the heliosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a comprehensive catalogue of solar energetic electron (SEE) events, derived from joint observations by remote-sensing and in-situ instruments aboard the Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) is used to characterise the properties of energetic electrons in situ and to estimate their injection times at the Sun. The timing, location, and intensity of associated X-ray flares is obtained using the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX), while the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) provides complementary observations of the flare evolution and eruptive phenomena. The Solar Orbiter coronagraph (Metis) and heliospheric imager (SoloHI) are employed to characterise potential associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Type III radio bursts detected by the Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument are used to connect the eruptive solar events to the SEE events observed in situ. We present the catalogue's contents, and the methodology employed to determine key parameters. Finally, we discuss statistical results from the catalogue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".