Opening the window slightly earlier: Oligocene east-directed extension along the East Tauern Detachment System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the NE Tauern Window of the Eastern Alps, new mapping in Nordrahmen Zone and Glockner nappes reveals significant deformation associated with W-E extension and a component of N-S shortening during the transition from high-pressure metamorphism and nappe stacking to extensional deformation. Kinematic indicators, including winged inclusions, tiling, and climbing pinch-and-swell veins, reveal a clear top-to-E shear sense, and deformation is further highlighted by progressively deformed quartz-calcite-dolomite veins, whose rotation was used to quantify flow parameters. The deformed veins used to quantify the flow parameters related to ductile deformation reveal that pure shear and simple shear contributed relatively equally. Moreover, the sub-horizontal axial planes of DIII fold structures is indicative of vertical flattening, which is signifies vertical shortening during ductile deformation. The ductile deformation is overprinted by E-dipping shear bands and faults, which transition into brittle-ductile faults compatible with incremental strain axes also indicating vertical shortening during top-to-E extension. Raman spectroscopy data show a temperature gradient with higher structural levels exhibiting paleotemperatures 500°C at deeper levels. White mica Ar-Ar analyses in both shear veins and recrystallized fabrics yield Oligocene deformation dates (25-34 Ma). Distributed ductile thinning is a characteristic feature in the footwall of detachment systems, and prompted further investigation up section. At higher crustal levels at the upper limit of the Nordrahmen Zone, the deformation gradient progressively increases towards the newly discovered top-to-E Schuhflicker Detachment, defined by a knife-sharp fault surface of ultramylonites and cataclasites. The hanging wall is defined by slightly deformed quartzites and dolomites of the Lower Austroalpine Unit. The Schuhflicker Detachment developed at mid-crustal levels during the Oligocene, and during progressive exhumation, W-E extension was transferred to the structurally higher Katschberg Fault and Katschberg Shear Zone System during the Miocene. Collectively, these structures form the East Tauern Detachment System, which accommodated tens of kilometers of exhumation of the Tauern Window, facilitating the incipient stages of its exhumation during the Oligocene and subsequent erosion-dominated unroofing in the Miocene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".