Observations of solitary internal waves near a dock and their impact on navigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research is motivated by an incident in the Saguenay Fjord (QC, Canada) that occured in 2019, where a cargo ship collided with a wharf while docking, resulting in minor material damage to both the vessel and the wharf under circumstances that remain unknown. Our hypothesis is that internal solitary waves may have contributed to the ship's unexpected drift. To test this hypothesis, CTDs, ADCPs and an echosounder were deployed during the summer of 2024. The measurements collected revealed the presence of internal waves over a two-week period. These observations show that trains of internal waves impacted the wharf daily and that they appear to be phase-locked with the tidal cycle. Internal waves of a wavelength of 60 m and a period of 40 s were recorded with amplitudes reaching 10 m and wave-induced horizontal currents of 1m.s-1. These currents are potentially strong enough to affect the maneuverability of a cargo ship during docking. The results of this research could contribute to the improvement of navigation simulators, adding the ability to account for the effects of internal waves on docking maneuvers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".