ALMA observations of dual quasars: evidence of rich and diverse molecular gas environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a study of the molecular gas in five closely separated ($R_{\perp }\lt 20$ kpc) dual quasars ($L_{\rm bol}\gtrsim 10^{44}~\mathrm{erg~s}^{-1}$) at redshifts $0.4\lt z\lt 0.8$ with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The dual quasar phase represents a distinctive stage during the interaction between two galaxies for investigating quasar fueling and feedback effects on the gas reservoir. The dual quasars were selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Programme, with confirmatory spectroscopic validation. Based on the detection of the CO J = 2–1 emission line with Band 4, we derive key properties including CO luminosities, line widths, and molecular gas masses for these systems. Eight quasars, of the 10 in pairs, have line detections exceeding $5\sigma$ that result in molecular gas masses ($M_{\text{molgas}}$) between $10^{9.7-10.7}~\mathrm{{M}_{\odot }}$. The molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratios ($\mu _{\text{molgas}}$) of these dual quasars are typically between 18–50 per cent, which are similar to the single quasars in mergers and inactive star-forming galaxies. The results indicate no clear evidence of molecular gas depletion attributed to dual quasar activities on global scale. However, intriguing gas features in certain systems appear to show possible signatures of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".