CINDI-3 glyoxal intercomparison
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is an intermediate product of the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and has anthropogenic, biogenic and pyrogenic sources. It is an indicator of formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere and plays a role in the photochemical reactions of ozone in the troposphere. Additionally, at high concentrations glyoxal is harmful for humans. The lifetime of glyoxal in the atmosphere is short (a few hours) and it is removed from the atmosphere by photolysis, oxidation by OH, and deposition. Due to the different sources and short lifetime of glyoxal, its abundance in the atmosphere can vary between several parts per trillion (ppt) e.g., in remote parts of the oceans, to parts per billion (ppb) in the presence of strong sources, like biomass burning, industrial processes, fossil fuel combustion or over tropical rainforest regions.Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments are capable of measuring glyoxal, but the retrieval is difficult due to its relatively weak absorption compared to other trace gases. Therefore, further improvements of current MAX-DOAS glyoxal retrievals are needed.Glyoxal was one of the target species during CINDI-3, the third semi-blind intercomparison campaign of UV-Vis DOAS instruments in Cabauw, The Netherlands. Based on the large scatter of the measurements among the participating instruments, it was identified as one of the more challenging trace gases to retrieve. A task group has been formed to develop a common and improved approach to retrieve glyoxal, using the data collected by several instruments and institutes during the campaign, and applying different retrieval software. In this study, we present the initial glyoxal retrievals from the campaign, and outline the development of improved retrieval settings, which we want to propose as a new standard for future glyoxal measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".