<i>Hordeum jubatum</i>: An Alternative Host for Fungal Pathogens Attacking Cultivated Barley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wild grasses can serve as hosts for plant pathogens that attack small grain cereal crops, thereby perpetuating the disease cycle and potentially initiating epidemics. Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) is a perennial grass species that is common across North America and can often be found growing near cultivated barley fields. Despite the close proximity of the two plant species in agroecosystems, few studies have been advanced to characterize the compatibility of H. jubatum to barley pathogens and its possible role in disease epidemiology. The objective of this study was to assess whether H. jubatum can act as a host to seven fungal pathogens causing diseases of barley. A collection of H. jubatum accessions (n = 100) collected from sites in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North Dakota in the United States and Manitoba in Canada were inoculated at the seedling or adult plant stage in the greenhouse with isolates of Drechslera teres f. teres (causal pathogen of net form net blotch), Bipolaris sorokiniana (spot blotch), Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (stem rust), Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (powdery mildew), Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei (stripe rust), Puccinia hordei (leaf rust), and P. coronati-hordei (crown rust). None of the accessions showed any visual signs of infection when challenged with B. graminis f. sp. hordei and P. hordei. In contrast, from 97 to 100% of evaluated accessions were infected by D. teres f. teres, B. sorokiniana, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, and P. coronati-hordei. The relative degree of compatibility of H. jubatum to these latter five pathogens ranged from low (similar to resistant barley) to high (similar to susceptible barley). These results demonstrate that H. jubatum can be infected by isolates of important barley pathogens but typically not with the same degree of compatibility as susceptible barleys. Nevertheless, when infected plants of H. jubatum are growing near barley fields, they could serve as reservoirs of inoculum to initiate some diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".