Construction and demolition waste circulation and its sustainability performance in the building sector: current trend and future directions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose The building industry generates around ten billion tons of construction and demolition waste (CDW) annually worldwide, posing both financial burdens on contractors and significant environmental hazards. Embracing a circular economy (CE) approach emerges as a promising strategy for sustainably managing the vast volumes of CDW. However, the sustainable performance of many attempts in CDW circulation is still questioned and need to be justified. This study transcends traditional reviews by adopting a systematic literature review, focusing on the central question: “What’s the contribution of the 3R principle in CDW circulation and its sustainability performance?” Design/methodology/approach The methodological framework encompasses literature searching, screening and quality assessment, culminating in the selection of 177 articles for bibliometric and integrative analysis. Comparative assessments were conducted on major CDW reduction strategies, reuse materials, recycling rates and other circular strategies. The sustainable performance of the process was also discussed as well as the modern advanced tools used for the design and assessment, such as building information model (BIM), AI and geographic information systems (GIS). Findings The bibliometric analysis reveals the evolution of the selected publications by year, country and research hotspots. Through the integrative analysis, the research explored the 3R principles adopted in CDW circulation, including waste reduction, reuse and recycling, as well as other circular methods across key global economies. There is a notable disparity in the volume of articles addressing reuse compared to recycling. In comparison to the environmental and economic performance of CDW circulations, social performance has received less attention. Moreover, the study ventured into prospective research trajectories, exploring future themes such as the adoption of a “zero-waste” strategy for the industry, the promotion of higher-level material circularity, the need for institutional network building among stakeholders in CDW circulation practice, and new tools for holistic sustainability analysis. Originality/value Few reviews in this field have focused on the sustainability performance of the CDW circulation. This comprehensive analysis not only contributes valuable insights into the current state of CDW within the CE paradigm but also directs attention toward critical and sustainable avenues for future research in this area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.020 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".