Measurement of the total spin angular momentum <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>〈</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>〉</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of alkali-metal atoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is important to evaluate the total spin angular momentum of alkali-metal atoms if the atoms serve as a reservoir of angular momenta. We use an absorption-monitoring technique to measure $\ensuremath{\langle}{F}_{z}\ensuremath{\rangle}$, i.e., the expectation values of the quantization ($z$) axis components of the total angular momentum of Cs atoms in the electronic ground state in both uncoated and antirelaxation-coated vacuum cells at room temperature. Cs atoms are polarized via optical pumping and probed using their ${D}_{2}$ transitions. The probe laser frequency is varied across the Doppler-broadened ${D}_{2}$ transition; the $\ensuremath{\langle}{F}_{z}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ values are derived using the integrated absorption coefficients. The largest $\ensuremath{\langle}{F}_{z}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ is 2.5 for the coated cell. We then use a simple model of spin flow through vapor cells to estimate the atomic spin relaxation probabilities after a single surface collision.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".