Wideband True-Time-Delay Dual-Polarized Reflectarray Antenna for Satellite Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A wideband dual-polarized offset reflectarray antenna (RA) using a novel wideband true-time-delay (TTD) unit cell is presented. This element is designed to accommodate large-size wideband dual-polarized RAs for satellite communications in the range of 10.7–14.5 GHz. The element, consisting of stacked microstrip circular patches coupled with an hourglass-shaped aperture and an embedded fork-shaped feed network, is designed to enhance both the bandwidth and phase range. A new arrangement for the elements is presented, which minimizes coupling between different elements and improves cross-polarization and element loss. For two polarizations, the linear phase range bandwidth exceeds 32% at the center frequency of 12.6 GHz (10.6–14.6 GHz). Exhibiting a linear phase range of over 800° at the center frequency (12.6 GHz) and maintaining an error of less than 45° across various frequencies compared to the TTD model, this element showcases exceptional dual-polarized wideband reflectarray performance. Measurement results show a maximum gain of 31.2 dBi at 12.6 GHz and 31 dBi at 13.5 GHz for vertical and horizontal polarizations (H-Pol), respectively. A 1-dB gain bandwidth of approximately 21% and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of around 31% are achieved for the vertical and H-Pols in an offset feed configuration. Sidelobe levels (SLLs) are maintained below −13 dB, while cross-polarization in vertical polarization (V-Pol) is kept under −30 dB across the entire band. For H-Pol, cross-polarization is maintained below −29 dB across the band, while SLLs remain better than −16 dB. Aperture efficiency measurements indicate values up to 57% and not less than 28% over the band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".