Evaluation of Clinical Parameters Associated with Response and Resistance to Cemiplimab in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cancer with increasing incidence and 5% of patients develop incurable disease, often resistant to chemotherapy. The anti-PD-1 therapy cemiplimab has shown high efficacy in clinical trials. This retrospective study evaluated the real-world effectiveness of cemiplimab in incurable cSCC and examined factors influencing response and toxicity. Data from 86 patients across three UK healthcare providers were analysed. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached, with 38% showing durable responses beyond 12 months. The overall response rate was 60.8% (95% CI 49–71), and the clinical benefit rate was 74.3% (95% CI 63–83). A head and neck primary site was associated with improved PFS (p = 0.008) and OS (p = 0.023), while concurrent immunosuppression was associated with worse PFS (p < 0.001). These findings align with clinical trials, suggesting cemiplimab is effective and safe in the recurrent/metastatic setting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".