Changing Self-Perceptions and Self-Management of Urinary Incontinence with Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy and Social Support: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how social support during a pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) programme, performed in a group or individually, influences the perceptions of older women with urinary incontinence (UI) regarding their condition and self-management. Method: This qualitative study was conducted with a subset of participants ( n = 15), who had completed a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) on PFMT for UI. Incontinent older women participated in individual semi-structured interviews about their self-perceptions, self-management, and social support. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed and content analysis was conducted. Results: Four inter-related categories emerged describing how social support positively influenced UI self-perceptions and self-management. These four categories were: (1) point of entry, (2) safe space, (3) concealment to disclosure, and (4) change in perspective. Conclusions: Social support within a PFMT programme helps women with UI improve their UI self-perception and self-management. The PFMT programme itself can also improve seeking of social supports for women with UI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".