MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4408535299 · doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101430

The effects of urban form on public transportation demand in a developing city

2025· article· en· W4408535299 on OpenAlex
Maryam Hasanpour, Bilal Farooq

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCase Studies on Transport Policy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicUrban Transport and Accessibility
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPublic transportTransport engineeringBusinessEnvironmental planningGeographyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Rapid urban growth in developing cities alters urban form, which directly and indirectly impacts access to public transit. Therefore, to accurately predict future public transit usage in order to achieve a sustainable public transportation system, it is essential to understand how each urban form indicator influences demand. However, most previous research has focused primarily on the Global North or China. Therefore, this study aims to fill that gap by analyzing the effects of urban elements on public transportation demand in a developing city. To do so, after a comprehensive review of relevant studies, effective elements of urban form were identified. Then, using spatial statistical analysis, a database of the urban form and travel characteristics was assembled, and random forest regression was employed to examine the relationship of different urban form indicators with public transit usage. The model achieved a good fit and, using a game-theoretic interpretability technique revealed that most variables had consistent associations with the findings from studies in other parts of the world. However, a few variables exhibited different associations, such as distance to educational land use. Additionally, some variables had opposite associations depending on whether they were at the origin or destination of the trip, such as distance from the city center. Therefore, it is concluded that the impact of each factor on public transportation demand should be evaluated on a case-by-case and an origin–destination basis.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.375
Threshold uncertainty score0.892

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.353
Teacher spread0.322 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it