Scoping review of the availability and uptake of disease modifying therapies in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Approximately 10% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have pediatric-onset (<18-years-old). Pediatric-specific barriers to accessing disease modifying therapies (DMT) exist. Issues include few pediatric-based randomized controlled trials (RCT), often required for formal regulatory approval, and resultant challenges with cost/coverage. This review assessed real-world DMT uptake in pediatric-MS to better understand potential barriers. AREAS COVERED: = 14,833). Most studies were from Europe (53.4%), North America (22.7%), or the Middle East (10%). Regional variabilities were found in DMT uptake between continents. Only 13 (14.8%) studies included information on DMT funding source. EXPERT OPINION: Pediatric-MS patients showed low DMT uptake with variability in DMT use based on region. Limited data was found regarding specific barriers to DMT access. Further research is needed to better understand regional barriers to access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".