Extracellular Vesicles and Cellular Homeostasis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted, membrane-enclosed particles that have been proposed to play a broad role in intercellular communication. Most often, EVs, by analogy to enveloped viruses, are suggested to fuse to or within a target cell to deliver a soluble signaling molecule into the cytoplasm. However, significant evidence supports an alternative model in which EVs are secreted to promote homeostasis. In this model, EVs are loaded with unwanted or toxic cargo, secreted upon cellular or organismal stress, and degraded by other cells. Here, we present evidence supporting this homeostatic EV model and discuss the general inefficiency of EV cargo delivery. While the homeostatic and viral delivery models for EV function are not mutually exclusive, we propose that much of the evidence presented is hard to reconcile with a broad role for EVs in cargo transfer as a means to promote intercellular communication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".