Mn2+-doped (Mg,Zn)xGeOy submicron particles with tunable, excitation-energy-dependent multi-color persistent luminescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multi-color persistent luminescence (PersL) inorganic phosphors hold great potential in applications such as sensing, information storage and display, and anticounterfeiting fields. In this work, we synthesized dual-color-emitting PersL submicron particles using a sonochemical approach. A quaternary oxide, (Mg,Zn) x GeO y (MZGO) was synthesized as the host lattice, with multi-color emission achieved by a single dopant Mn 2+ . The color tunability is achieved by tuning the ratio between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the MZGO host lattice. The resulted phosphors exhibit tunable PersL from green to near-infrared (NIR). In addition, unlike most of the NIR-emitting PersL phosphors developed so far that require deep UV excitation (e.g. 254 nm), our MZGO particles can be activated by UVA light at 395 nm. Detailed characterization revealed correlations between the MZGO electronic structure, Mn 2+ site occupancy, and the corresponding PersL properties. Additionally, we demonstrated the potential of MZGO particles for dynamic, multimodal anticounterfeiting applications by utilizing their excitation-dependent emission colors and PersL durations. • Multi-color persistent luminescence was achieved within a single phosphor host. • Luminescence tunability is realized by Mn 2+ with controllable site occupancy. • The new phosphor has excitation-wavelength-dependent luminescence and afterglow. • The NIR afterglow can be activated by direct UV-A activation by bandgap engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".