Vertical bifacial photovoltaic system field data performance and model validation for various orientations and latitudes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate energy yield modelling of photovoltaic systems is essential for the design, financial analysis, and monitoring of solar photovoltaic plants. For bifacial photovoltaic applications, models must also offer robust rear-side irradiance algorithms. Yet, bifacial photovoltaic irradiance models have to be sufficiently validated for east-west vertically oriented systems, where direct beam solar irradiation swaps at solar noon. We validate 4 bifacial irradiance models with field data collected in Golden, Colorado and Fairbanks, Alaska for east-west vertical, north-south vertical, and south-tilted arrays. The 4 bifacial irradiance models used are the System Advisor Model, Bifacial_radiance, bifacialVF, and DUET.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".