Taxonomic revision of holocystitid genera (Echinodermata: Blastozoa: Diploporita)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brightonicystis is a valid genus characterised by nine or more oral plates, with two in the B and D ambulacra not reaching the inner mouth edge; five ambulacral facets shared by oral and facetal plates; two generations of smooth thecal plates with buried humatipores.Brightonicystis contains two named species, Brightonicystis gregaria and Brightonicystis salmoensis, with other unnamed taxa known from Canada and Sweden, all of which are Hirnantian.All other holocystitid genera are Silurian.A review of the Holocystitidae confirms the established genera Holocystites and Brightonicystis both characterised by five ambulacra with shared facets, as well as Trematocystis, Pustulocystis, and Paulicystis all characterised by four ambulacra.The hypothesis that the differences between Pentacystis (without orals) and Osgoodicystis (with two or six orals) are taphonomic is reviewed and rejected.The peristome border and food grooves should be absent in Pentacystis if the oral plates on which they occur were lost during preservation.Pentacystis species show both features developed on facetal plates.Osgoodicystis is reinstated as a valid genus with six narrow orals.Moyacystis gen.nov., type species Osgoodicystis cooperi, bears only two orals (O1 and O6) and facetal plates with oral pores in the peristome border.Pentacystis, Osgoodicystis, and Moyacystis gen.nov., all possess five ambulacral facets restricted to single facetal plates and a smooth thecal surface.The Australian genus Austrocystites is a junior synonym of Trematocystis.Holocystitid subfamilies and subgenera introduced by Frest and Strimple (in Frest et al. 2011) are not discussed herein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".