Effects of an After-School Arts Program on Youths in Low-Income Communities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study reports on the effects of a longitudinal structured arts program on Cana-dian and American youths ages nine to fifteen years, from low-income multicultural communities. The feasibility and transportability of a program that was extensively evaluated on a Canadian youth population were evaluated with a similar cohort of American youths. The American cohort was matched to the Canadian cohort on relevant baseline covariates through the use of estimated linear propensity scores. The effects of the programs on the two matched cohorts were assessed through the use of multilevel growth curve analyses. The results showed that propensity matching was successful in controlling for possible confounders and obtaining a matched sample balanced across covariates for the two samples. Estimated program effects showed similarities on the growth trajectories of the two cohorts on conduct problems, emotional problems, indirect aggression, self-esteem, and pro-social behavior. The overall conclusion is that the arts program based on a specific model was similarly beneficial to youths from both countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".