Investigating postharvest seed coat darkening in common beans: a molecular perspective beyond the major <i>P</i> gene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Many market classes of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) have a significant reduction in crop value due to the postharvest darkening of the seed coat. Seed coat darkening is caused by an elevated accumulation and oxidation of proanthocyanidins (PAs). In common bean, the major color gene P encodes for a bHLH protein with its P sd allele controlling the postharvest slow darkening seed coat trait. In the present investigation, we determined that P, PvMYB3A, and PvWD9 are the essential components that form a protein complex and regulate PA biosynthesis in pinto beans. P does not bind with the PA biosynthetic gene Anthocyanin Reductase ( PvANR ) promoter but regulates its expression by interacting with PvMYB3A, which directly binds to the PvANR promoter. PvWD9 is an essential member of the core protein complex, which requires one or more additional plant components in order to interact with its partner proteins P and PvMYB3A and create a functioning complex. The P sd isoform affects the accumulation of PA by functioning in a similar manner to its isoform P, albeit at a lower efficiency. Understanding the regulation of PA biosynthesis in common beans helps to explain variances in seed coat color and issues associated with darkening after harvest. Highlight Color and pattern of the common bean seed coat are important traits in bean breeding, which is determined by level of proanthocyanidins (PA). This study provides experimental evidence for the regulation of PA biosynthesis in common beans by the P-PvMYB3A-PvWD9 complex together with some yet unknown associated protein(s). In the slow darkening beans, substitution of P with its slow dakening isoform P sd reduces the target biosynthetic gene expression inflencing PA production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".