Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter explores Canadian social policy renewal from a local perspective, examining the challenges and opportunities for municipalities, and other community-based organizations, including Indigenous communities. It begins with a review of the extensive legal and financial constraints on local input into Canadian public policy designed and delivered at federal and provincial/territorial levels. The limited role of municipalities in the construction of the postwar Canadian welfare state is highlighted. The chapter then surveys the neoliberal turn in Canadian public policy beginning in the 1980s, examining the increasingly active and substantive mobilization of local actors around new social risks, many of which find localized and complex expression across municipalities of different size and geography. The chapter describes a series of “localizing workarounds” implemented within Canadian federalism since the early 2000s decades to better incorporate local knowledge and contextualize social policy. Observing continued barriers to robust multi-level governance in municipalities both urban and rural, the chapter introduces a model of “place-based federalism.” It closes with elaboration of the governance features of place-based federalism, revealing its emergence across policy fields and situating it as a promising addition to the Canadian intergovernmental toolkit.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".