Membranous translation platforms in the chloroplast of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A small genome in chloroplasts encodes many of the polypeptide subunits of the photosynthetic electron transport complexes embedded in the membranes of thylakoid vesicles in the chloroplast stroma and synthesized by ribosomes of the bacterial-like genetic system of this semiautonomous organelle. While thylakoid membranes (TMs) are sites of translation, evidence in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii supports translation on noncanonical membranes in a discrete translation zone in the chloroplast. To characterize the membranous platforms for translation and the biogenesis of TMs, we profiled membranes during chloroplast development, using the yellow-in-the-dark1 mutant, and carried out proteomic analyses on 2 membrane types proposed previously to support translation in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii: "low-density membrane" (LDM) and "chloroplast translation membrane" (CTM). The results support the roles of LDM and CTM in the preliminary and ongoing stages of translation, respectively. Proteomics, immunoprecipitation, and transmission electron microscopy results support connections of these membranous platforms and a chloroplast envelope domain bound by cytoplasmic ribosomes. Our results contribute to a model of photosynthesis complex biogenesis in a spatiotemporal "assembly line" involving LDM and CTM as sequential stages leading to photosynthetic TMs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".