Transdermal microneedle patch for antioxidants release
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymer based microneedle transdermal drug delivery system fits the criterion for an efficient patient compliant drug delivery system of the future. Smart and controlled microneedle drug delivery systems remain an emerging research area. One of the objectives of this study was to design an accessible approach of molding microneedles using a beeswax mold. The second objective was to evaluate a polymer-based microneedle drug release transdermal platform fabricated via layer by layer (LbL) assembly of conductive polydimethylsiloxane integrated with carbon nanotubes, cellulose nanocrystal and polyaniline (PDMS@CNT/CNC@PANI). The electrically conductive PDMS@CNT/CNC@PANI microneedle patch provides a platform for drug loading, stabilization and transdermal controlled drug release. The drug loaded PDMS@CNT/CNC@PANI microneedle patch was evaluated for diffusion and voltage mediated transdermal delivery of thymol blue and rutin as model compounds. Chicken skin was used as an analogue of human skin. Both electrochemical and passive release from the rutin loaded PDMS@CNC/CNT microneedle patch resulted in ~ 66%. On the other hand, the PDMS@CNC/CNT@PANI patch loaded with rutin resulted in 66-84% release. The results show the novel microneedle patches could effectively release rutin in a controlled manner, and as such showed promise for potential use in clinical drug release applications. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43939-025-00240-8.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".