Assessing thermal resistance of a nonwoven textile under wind exposure: Challenging ISO 9920 with experimental insights
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous workers across various industries, from construction and transportation to agriculture and emergency response, face harsh working environments characterized by cold temperatures and intense winds. These conditions present serious health and safety risks, which may result in hypothermia. Although established standards, such as ISO 11092, are crucial in measuring the thermal resistance of textile assemblies, an essential factor is often overlooked: the influence of wind speed and direction. In this context, this article aimed to address this gap in current knowledge by investigating the effects of wind on the thermal resistance of nonwoven textile assemblies, to develop a more effective protective clothing system for harsh environments. This study investigated the effect of horizontal and vertical wind speeds on the thermal resistance of a technical bio-based nonwoven assembly, composed of milkweed, kapok and polylactic acid, aiming to understand how forced convection influences heat transfer in real-world conditions. Three samples (A, B, and C) were tested under wind speeds ranging from 0 to 4 m·s −1 , and their thermal resistance was measured in both horizontal and vertical wind directions. Results showed that increasing wind speed consistently decreased thermal resistance for all samples. Vertical wind demonstrated a more pronounced effect, with reductions in thermal resistance reaching 81% for Sample C compared to 51% under horizontal wind. Comparison of experimental and theoretically predicted thermal resistance values using the models presented in the ISO 9920 standard, indicated significant discrepancies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it