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Record W4408769582 · doi:10.1177/23197145251324542

Social Stock Exchange Funding Dynamics: Navigating Factors for Social Enterprises and Sustainability Projects

2025· article· en· W4408769582 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueFIIB Business Review · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicCommunity Development and Social Impact
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSustainabilityBusinessSocial sustainabilityStock exchangeSocial dynamicsStock (firearms)Social enterpriseFinanceEnvironmental economicsEconomicsPublic relationsPolitical scienceGeographySociologyEcology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Social Stock Exchanges (SSEs) are a novel development for creating social investment platforms for social enterprises (SEs) or sustainability projects (SPs) to raise capital from impact investors. In this article, we study the influencing factors driving higher funding rates for SEs/SPs on SSE platforms in the UK, Canada, Singapore, the USA and Jamaica, using panel fixed effects stepwise regression models, controlling for time, sector and country-year fixed effects. Our robust empirical findings show that both equity and debt financing tools utilized by SEs/SPs and women population as target beneficiaries have a positive and significant relationship with a higher funding rate when controlling for time and sector fixed effects. We also find that collaboration amongst SEs/SPs, as well as different kinds of firm ownership (non-profit, for-profit and cooperatives), has a significant positive effect on gaining a higher funding rate, when controlling for both time and sector fixed effects, as well as time, sector and country-year fixed effects. Overall, our article enlightens about the driving factors for building diverse SSE platforms globally.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.387
Threshold uncertainty score0.863

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.103
GPT teacher head0.353
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it