Impact of scheduled water intake on mild cognitive impairment in patients with orthostatic hypotension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Orthostatic blood pressure (BP) dysregulation can impair cerebral blood perfusion and cognition. Water intake prevents syncope caused by orthostatic hypotension (OHypo) and improves orthostatic tolerance. However, research on scheduled water intake's effect on the association between OHypo and cognition is limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of scheduled water intake on orthostatic BP dysregulation and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Fuxin, Liaoning Province, China, using cohort data. Water intake patterns were self-reported, and orthostatic BP was measured. MCI was assessed with the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-BC).Latent class mixed models were applied to identify systolic BP trajectory patterns. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between orthostatic BP abnormality and MCI, adjusting for potential confounders and including an interaction term for orthostatic BP abnormality and water intake regularity. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between orthostatic BP abnormality and total MoCA-BC score. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age and water intake regularity. The study included 1576 participants: 1236 (78.4%) had normal recovery, 234 (14.8%) had delayed recovery, 36 (2.3%) had OHypo, and 70 (4.5%) had orthostatic hypertension. The average age was 63.2 ± 7.7 years, with a daily water intake of 1612.5 ± 978.8 ml; 1055 (66.9%) were female. Unscheduled water intake significantly interacted with OHypo on MCI (OR 5.82; 95% CI 1.17-35.34; P = 0.039). After adjusting for confounders, scheduled water intake was associated with a lower OR of MCI in those with OHypo (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.02-0.44; P = 0.003), while unscheduled water intake showed no significant association (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.41-2.57; P = 0.985). Scheduled water intake is linked to a lower risk of MCI in individuals with OHypo, suggesting a protective role. Promoting scheduled water intake might be inversely associated with MCI in OHypo patients. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and understand the mechanisms involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".