The effect of an integrative cognitive training program by family caregivers on cognitive function among persons with traumatic brain injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial with a repeated-measure design aimed to compare the difference in cognitive function among persons with traumatic brain injury between the experimental group who receiving an integrative cognitive training program by family caregivers and the control group who receiving usual care. The participants were persons who had been diagnosed with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury and their family caregivers. They were recruited from a neurology ward at the tertiary hospital in Thailand. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to either the control group (n=50) or the experimental group (n=50). The experimental group received an integrative cognitive training program by family caregivers based on the theory of neural plasticity and combined with a systematic review, consisting of 18 sessions held once per day, lasting 40 minutes per session for three days a week over 6-week periods. Cognitive function was assessed by two blinded research assistants at baseline, week 2, week 4, and week 6 post-intervention using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Interrater reliability was high (kappa = 0.92, p < 0.001). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANOVA. The main results showed that the mean cognitive function scores in the experimental group were significantly improved over time (p < .001). Additionally, the mean cognitive function scores of participants in the experimental group who received an integrative cognitive training program by family caregivers were significantly higher than those of the control group at week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p < .001). This difference was accompanied by large effect sizes and a test power of 90%. These findings indicated that an integrative cognitive training program by family caregivers could enhance neuroplasticity and improve cognitive function among persons with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".