Forces armées canadiennes : tensions internationales croissantes et mise à jour de la politique de défense du Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At a time when the IPCC and IPBES reports are highlighting the accelerating degradation of our natural capital, we recall the utilitarian approach of Dasgupta and his co-authors to the valuation of implicit prices of environmental assets. After resituating it within the debates on the sustainability of growth, the analogies and specificities of natural assets are clarified with reference to the “Fenichel” formula, which characterizes the dynamics of these prices. It takes into account their specific biophysical characteristics, the substitution possibilities with other assets and the impact on their regenerative process of anthropic degradation, according to different regulation policies. Given the significant progress already made, we recommend undertaking estimates of these prices in France to complement the national wealth accounts and identify various difficulties to be resolved: the valuation of non-market ecosystem services; the anticipation of future institutions and regulations; and the articulation between wealth accounts valued at implicit prices and goods and services accounts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".