Plasma levels and association of phosphorylated tau 181, 217 and 231 with cognitive impairment in elderly Thai population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in blood samples has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis and improve the accuracy of AD diagnosis. Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is a promising biomarker for AD with an accuracy potentially comparable to a cerebrospinal sample; however, its utility in the clinical setting has yet to be explored in Thailand. The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of p-tau 181 as a tool for screening cognitive impairment in a non-demented population, estimating the prevalence of AD and investigating its potential as a risk stratification strategy. Method The study recruited 254 participants over 40 years old, comprising 144 patients from the elderly care clinic and 110 family members who attended a neurology clinic was analysed for plasma p-tau 181 levels, compared to neuropsychological data and previous data. Plasma p-tau 181 levels were measured, and AD prevalence was estimated using a pre-defined cut-off derived from an independent cohort with biomarker-defined AD status according to the current framework (Jack et al., 2018). Result Among 144 participants enrolled from the elderly care clinic, the median age was 67 years, and the median Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was 27. There was no correlation between plasma p-tau 181 and MoCA (Rho = .0059, P = .94) or the rate of cognitive decline (Rho = .073, P = .55). For the 110 family members, the median age was 66 years, and the median mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was 29. High level of plasma p-tau 181 results in lower score on MMSE, they are negatively correlated (Rho = -0.24, P .013). Assessment of prevalence in participants from elderly care clinic and family members found 12.7% (95% CI 7.7-20.2) and 20.8% (95% CI 15.0-28.2) of p-tau 181 level were above the cut-off point, which was higher than the global status report on AD prevalence of 2.82% but was lower than 30.2% (95% CI 29.2-31.1) (Jansen et. al., 2022) when using amyloid abnormalities. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that plasma p-tau 181 maybe a biomarker to assess cognition and for estimating AD prevalence in non-demented populations in Thailand and may represent those at risk of clinical onset. However, further studies are needed to investigate its utility in risk stratification, public health preparedness, and cognitive performance assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".