Immune targeting and host-protective effects of the latent stage of Toxoplasma gondii
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Latency is a microbial strategy for persistence. For Toxoplasma gondii the bradyzoite stage forms long-lived cysts critical for transmission, and its presence in neurons is considered important for immune evasion. However, the extent to which cyst formation escapes immune pressure and mediates persistence remained unclear. Here we developed a mathematical model highlighting that bradyzoite-directed immunity contributes to control of cyst numbers. In vivo studies demonstrated that transgenic CD8+ T cells recognized a cyst-derived antigen, and neuronal STAT1 signalling promoted cyst control in mice. Modelling and experiments with parasites unable to form bradyzoites (Δbfd1) revealed that the absence of cyst formation in the central nervous system did not prevent long-term persistence but resulted in increased tachyzoite replication with associated tissue damage and mortality. These findings suggest the latent form of T. gondii is under immune pressure, mitigates infection-induced damage and promotes survival of host and parasite. In vivo and in silico analyses suggest that bradyzoite-directed immunity contributes to control of cyst numbers, tissue damage and mortality in mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".