Management of Cardiovascular Health Issues in Turner Syndrome: Expert Insights and Expanded Recommendations From the 2024 Guideline Development Team
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is frequently complicated by congenital heart disease (CHD). While left-sided lesions such as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and coarctation of the aorta are the most common structural heart lesions in TS, other anomalies, such as aortic arch malformations, hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC), and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), are also relatively frequent. Standardized mortality is increased threefold in individuals with TS compared to the general population, with cardiovascular complications, including aortic dissection, being the leading cause of death. The publication of the 2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines for TS marks an important opportunity to remind clinicians about the burden of congenital heart and vascular lesions in TS and the need for lifelong cardiovascular surveillance. In this expert panel statement, we will focus on the rationale for clinical management of CHD in TS, emphasizing TS-specific features of CHD that influence clinical decision making about therapeutic options and follow-up care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".