Dual faces of itaconate and its derivatives: exploring diverse biological functions in immunity and infectious diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intersection of immunology and infectious diseases has been revolutionized by the emergence of immunometabolism, highlighting the critical role of metabolic processes in regulating immune responses. In recent years, itaconate alongside its derivatives dimethyl-itaconate (DMI) and 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI), have received attention for their potent immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. This review examines the unique roles of itaconate and its derivatives in modulating immune functions and their implications in infectious diseases. We also explore their structural and functional discrepancies. Notably, while itaconate generally exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, its derivatives may operate through distinct mechanisms, often exhibiting enhanced electrophilic properties. This review of recent research underscores the potential of itaconate and its derivatives as therapeutic agents, paving the way for future clinical applications in managing inflammation and infectious diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".