Bibliographic record
Abstract
English-speaking Canadians seemed largely removed from the dramatic international upheavals of 1968. The events of that year in English Canada bore faint resemblance to what was unfolding elsewhere: no general strikes paralyzed Canada; police did not fire on peaceful protestors; assassins did not shoot prominent figures; riots did not erupt in cities; tanks did not roll through the streets. Canada’s 1968 was, in part, a Canadian affair, reflecting the country’s distinctive history and culture. But in English Canada, 1968 was less a national phenomenon than a North American one. English Canadian radicals were less inclined to rebel against the domestic establishment than against the United States, often echoing the arguments and ideas of their American counterparts. English Canadians occupied a peripheral position within the broader North American context, meaning that protests were milder in Canada than south of the border. Canadians reacted with horror to what they saw in the United States, but at the same time they reflected American thought. Canadians have long defined themselves in opposition to their southern neighbor, but 1968 revealed that much of their critique of the United States came from Americans themselves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.033 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".