Bibliographic record
Abstract
A man administers a polio vaccine to a girl in elementary school, April 26, 1954. In the early 1950s, American physician Jonas Salk developed the first successful vaccine against polio, a debilitating disease that killed or paralyzed half a million people a year by the mid-twentieth century. In 1954, Salk began testing his vaccine on 1.6 million people in the United States, Canada, and Finland. Approximately forty thousand children in eight counties in Utah, between first and third grades, were part of the vaccine trials beginning April 26, 1954. These children, known as “polio pioneers,” could only participate with written permission from their parents. One mother, whose son's arm was paralyzed after a bout with polio, remarked, “If you had gone through what we have, you'd be happy to take anything to avert polio.” After the vaccine proved successful, polio cases dropped tenfold by 1957. Salk declined to make money from the lifesaving vaccine. Utah Historical Society, MSS C 400 Salt Lake Tribune Negative Collection, photo no. 24138-1.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".