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Record W4408934946 · doi:10.1080/23750472.2025.2482222

What will a greenwashing ban entail for the sport industry?

2025· article· en· W4408934946 on OpenAlexaff
Josephine Traberg, Madeleine Orr, Chris Horbel

Bibliographic record

VenueManaging Sport and Leisure · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSport and Mega-Event Impacts
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGreenwashingBusinessAdvertisingPolitical sciencePublic relationsCorporate social responsibility

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Greenwashing is a widespread phenomenon in many industries, including in sport. Legal repercussions of greenwashing are intensifying, however, as evidenced by the European Union (EU) Directive on Green Claims passed in January 2024. The Green Claims Directive (hereafter, The Directive) aims to curb misleading environmental claims and better regulate sustainability certification and product labeling. This commentary explores the anticipated impacts of The Directive on the sports industry, with a particular focus on marketing and communication practices. In response to The Directive, sports organizations in the EU will need to adjust their marketing and communication strategies. This adjustment can improve transparency, yet organizations may resort to developing new terminology, potentially perpetuating greenwashing in alternative forms and challenging the integrity of sport communication. It is not sufficient for organizations to only alter communication practices, as environmental practices must permeate all organizational practices, with metrics and reporting to validate claims and ensure alignment between communication and action. A research agenda across five areas is proposed to address organizational transitions needed for ethical environmental action and communication, to enhance sport’s opportunity to drive climate action.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.881
Threshold uncertainty score0.681

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.316
Teacher spread0.294 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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