Critical investigation of the long-term integrity of sustainable anti-corrosion coatings in static and dynamic humid environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the water-induced degradation of epoxy-based coatings modified with eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors in static and dynamic humid environments, designed to replicate conditions characteristic of marine exposure. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, surface and interfacial analyses, and mechanical testing, degradation of coatings applied on mild steel samples was assessed under stagnant, flowing, and salt-spray conditions. The degradation trend of coatings significantly increased in salt-spray tests through elevated temperature (35 °C) and water-induced degradation of the epoxy matrix. Hydrodynamic flow also accelerated degradation through enhanced water diffusion and stresses arising from both water absorption and flow. Pure epoxy coatings lost their protective properties after 90 days in stagnant solutions, 77 days in flowing solutions, and 56 days in salt spray tests. Incorporating calcium borosilicate (CBS), zinc calcium strontium aluminum orthophosphate silicate hydrate (ZCP), and strontium phosphosilicate (SPS) into the epoxy matrix delayed water uptake and coating delamination. CBS-modified coatings extended protection more than twofold in stagnant and flowing environments, with performance in salt spray comparable to pure epoxy. ZCP-pigmented coatings preserved their integrity in stagnant conditions and doubled protection in salt spray and flowing scenarios. SPS-pigmented coatings demonstrated exceptional durability, maintaining integrity for over 210 days across all conditions. These results highlight the critical role of selecting inhibitors suited to specific environmental conditions and demonstrate that water-induced degradation of epoxy coatings is governed by multifaceted interplay of the coating's mechanical properties, interfacial electrochemical activities, and changes in the chemistry of environment at the metal-coating interface. • Epoxy-based coatings degradation assessed in static and dynamic humid environments. • Humidity exposure altered surface roughness, adhesion strength, and permeability. • Eco-friendly inhibitors reduced water uptake and improved corrosion resistance. • Inhibitor performance varied across environments, affecting long-term performance. • SPS-epoxy maintained corrosion resistance despite mechanical and structural changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".