Statistically Informed Multimodal (Domain Adaptation by Transfer) Learning Framework: A Domain Adaptation Use-Case for Industrial Human–Robot Communication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cohesive human–robot collaboration can be achieved through seamless communication between human and robot partners. We posit that the design aspects of human–robot communication (HRCom) can take inspiration from human communication to create more intuitive systems. A key component of HRCom systems is perception models developed using machine learning. Being data-driven, these models suffer from the dearth of comprehensive, labelled datasets while models trained on standard, publicly available datasets do not generalize well to application-specific scenarios. Complex interactions and real-world variability lead to shifts in data that require domain adaptation by the models. Existing domain adaptation techniques do not account for incommensurable modes of communication between humans and robot perception systems. Taking into account these challenges, a novel framework is presented that leverages existing domain adaptation techniques off-the-shelf and uses statistical measures to start and stop the training of models when they encounter domain-shifted data. Statistically informed multimodal (domain adaptation by transfer) learning (SIMLea) takes inspiration from human communication to use human feedback to auto-label for iterative domain adaptation. The framework can handle incommensurable multimodal inputs, is mode and model agnostic, and allows statistically informed extension of datasets, leading to more intuitive and naturalistic HRCom systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".