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Record W4409063766 · doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108772

Post-fire structural performance of glued-laminated timber columns subjected to real fires

2025· article· en· W4409063766 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueStructures · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicFire dynamics and safety research
Canadian institutionsCarleton University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsFire performanceStructural engineeringFire resistanceForensic engineeringComposite materialMaterials scienceEngineeringEnvironmental science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper presents the results of an experimental test program conducted on fire-damaged glued-laminated timber (glulam) columns. The columns were part of the Mass Timber Demonstration Fire Test Program (MTDFTP) in Ottawa, Canada, during which a series of full-scale fire tests were performed on a two-storey mass timber structure. The structure was designed to represent the fourth and fifth storey of a hypothetical 12-storey mass timber building. The specimens were subjected to qualitative and quantitative post-fire structural assessments following the fire tests. The charred layer of each column specimen was removed by physical means and the residual cross-sections were measured and evaluated to determine the char depth. Full-scale axial compression tests were conducted to verify the post-fire structural demand of the columns. The findings indicated that the charring rates consistently exceed those prescribed in contemporary design standards. The column specimens were capable of withstanding expected post-fire axial loads, secondary effects caused by the fire damage need to be considered when predicting post-fire axial capacities. The research outcomes of this study are expected to support Canadian design and fire code provisions as they pertain to the use of mass timber in mid-rise structures, particularly in terms of conducting post-fire structural assessments.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.633
Threshold uncertainty score0.669

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.003
GPT teacher head0.233
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it