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Record W4409070427 · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf105

Moralizing partisanship when surrounded by copartisans versus in mixed company

2025· article· en· W4409070427 on OpenAlexaff
Michalis Mamakos, Tessa Elizabeth Sadie Charlesworth, Eli J. Finkel

Bibliographic record

VenuePNAS Nexus · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicPsychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Canadian institutionsKellogg's (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIngroups and outgroupsPoliticsMoralitySocial psychologyRight wingLeft-wing politicsSociologyPolitical sciencePsychologyLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

) express these partisan moralization views. Critically, we compare the rates of partisan moralization not only when users are in contexts (subreddits) of their ingroup (e.g. r/democrats, r/vegetarian, r/Conservative, r/Hunting) but also when in mixed-company contexts populated mostly by users without partisan engagement (e.g. r/Music, r/Parenting). First, we developed four word embedding models-two for the users of each political side, one based on their comments in their ingroup contexts and one based on their comments in mixed-company contexts. Then, we evaluated the words of each model on two semantic dimensions, partisanship and morality, and we examined their correlation as an indicator of the expressed partisan moralization. Our first analysis demonstrated that LW users express moralized partisanship to a similar degree when surrounded by copartisans and when in mixed company. However, the moralized partisanship expressed by RW users in mixed company is weaker than that they express among copartisans, as well as that expressed by LW users in mixed company. In a second analysis, we divided partisan contexts based on whether they are inherently political (e.g. r/democrats) or not (e.g. r/vegetarian). This second analysis revealed that RW users express moralized partisanship more strongly than LW users in inherently political contexts, but right- and left-wingers are similar in nonpolitical partisan contexts. The discussion considers potential explanations for these asymmetries.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.155
Threshold uncertainty score0.667

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.167
GPT teacher head0.328
Teacher spread0.161 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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