Fixed or fluid Shifting federal policy controls and indigenous responses at the Canada-USA border
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twenty-first century restrictions at the Canada-USA seek to reassert control over indigenous movements in line with wider immigrations policies. In many ways the forms of direct and indirect control which are asserted over indigenous peoples at the border are a reflection of 19th century policies of direct and indirect control asserted before border control became formally implemented in the 1920s. Some forms of control stem from stricter enforcement post 9-11, while others reflect cultural ignorance and disregard for ceremonial items being transported with people. More recently, the COVID-19 land border closure disrupted access to ceremonial sites on both sides of the border because spiritual journeys were considered non-essential travel. Concurrently, as with earlier border protest movements, contemporary movements such as Idle No More and the Tar Sands Treaty Alliance are continuing to both weaponise and ignore the border to protect indigenous rights, raising the question - is the border fixed, as Canada and the USA assert, or fluid, as indigenous protestors assert?
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".