Military and political cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cuba in the first quarter of the 21st century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article examines the problem of the development of military and political cooperation between Russia and Cuba at the beginning of the 21st century. The relevance of the topic is determined by the current geopolitical activity of Russia, which seeks to develop relations, particularly with Cuba, which already had close military and political ties with the USSR. The current stage of cooperation started with an unfriendly step towards Cuba – the closure of the Lourdes Radio station. The novelty of the work is caused by the concentration of attention on the military and political part of the relations between Russia and Cuba. The focus on the closure of the Lourdes station, as the lowest point in the cooperation, provides an opportunity to follow the consistent development of Russian-Cuban relations in a new modern format. The methodological basis in the article is provided by general scientific, historical research methods and methods of political science. The paper examines the key military-political agreements between the countries and real allied actions in the 21st century. The analysis of the cooperation shows that Russian-Cuban relations which were in decline after the closure of the Lourdes center, gradually began to develop again, and led to the almost complete restoration of the previous level of trust by the early 2020s and the resumption of strategic cooperation. At the same time despite the restoration of allied relations, the real level of the military and political cooperation is an order of magnitude lower than the Soviet-Cuban one. The prospects for its further development strongly depend on the economic efforts of the two countries, financial capabilities and stability of their political regimes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".