Natural variation of ClCCT promoter promotes flowering and dwarfing in adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The flowering time is a key trait that determines adaptation, yield and quality of crops. Adlay, a traditional cereal crop, has developed a distinctive agricultural industry in Southwest China and Southeast Asian countries. However, the currently planted varieties are all semi-domesticated landraces with delayed flowering and excessive height. These defects limit yield improvement per unit area and mechanized harvesting. In this study, a major QTL associated with flowering time and plant height in adlay has been mapped and identified as ClCCT , a gene having a conserved function and regulatory pathway for inhibiting flowering time and increasing plant height in gramineous crops. Among the six identified haplotypes of ClCCT, the haplotype with 38-bp insertion in promoter region of ClCCT has earlier flowering time and wider geographical distribution than other haplotypes. The insertion variation, which arises from the segmental duplication of ClCCT , can inhibit the expression level of reporter gene and has been used in breeding for early maturity and dwarfing. These research results not only reinforce our understanding of the importance of CCT domain protein in the tropical crops adapting to high-latitude environment, but also provide a validated breeding target for the early maturity and dwarfing of adlay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".