Induction of Chirality in MXene Nanosheets and Derived Quantum Dots: Chiral Mixed‐Low‐Dimensional Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Biomaterials as Potential Agricultural Biostimulants for Enhancing Plant Tolerance to Different Abiotic Stresses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work presents two advancements in the engineering design and bio‐applications of emerging MXene nanosheets and derived quantum dots. First, a facile, versatile, and universal strategy is showcased for inducing the right‐ or left‐handed chirality into the surface of titanium carbide‐based MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) to form stable mixed‐low‐dimensional chiral MXene biomaterials with enhanced aqueous colloidal dispersibility and debonding tolerance, mimicking the natural asymmetric bio‐structure of most biomolecules and living organisms. In particular, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets are functionalized with carboxyl‐based terminals and bound feasibly with the D/L‐cysteine amino acid ligands. The physicochemical characterizations of these 2D‐0D/1D chiral MXene heterostructures suggest the inclusion of Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets and different levels of self‐derived MXene quantum dots and surface titanium‐oxide nanoparticles, providing enhanced material stability and oxidative degradation resistance for tested months. Further, the interaction and molecular binding at cysteine‐Ti 3 C 2 T x /Ti‐oxide interfaces, associated ion transport and ionic conductivity analysis, and charge re/distribution mechanisms are evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The second uniqueness of this study relies on the multifunctional application of optimal chiral MXenes as potential nano‐biostimulants for enhancing plant tolerance to different abiotic conditions, including severe drought, salinity, or light stress. This surface tailoring enables high biocompatibility with the seed/seedling/plant of Arabidopsis thaliana alongside promoting multi‐bioactivities for enhanced seed‐to‐seedling transition, seedling germination/maturation, plant‐induced stomatal closure, and ROS production eliciting responses. Given that the induced chirality is a pivotal factor in many agro‐stimulants and amino acid‐containing fertilizers for enhanced interaction with plant cells/enzymes, boosting stress tolerance, nutrient uptake, and growth, these findings open up new avenues toward multiple applications of chiral MXene biomaterials as next‐generation carbon‐based nano‐biostimulants in agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".