Redox status of biomarkers in serum of dogs with hypothyroidism and its treatment with levothyroxine sodium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Information regarding canine hypothyroidism in China remains limited, particularly regarding the redox status of affected dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the redox status of dogs with hypothyroidism and observe how it changed after levothyroxine replacement therapy. A total of 10 healthy dogs (control group) and 10 dogs with hypothyroidism (treatment group) from China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were included in the study. The redox status was assessed in all 20 dogs. Thyroid profiles such as thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and biomarkers of oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were assessed on day 0 in all dogs and on days 14 and 45 post-levothyroxine sodium treatment in dogs with hypothyroidism. Dogs with hypothyroidism had decreased levels of serum T4 and fT4 and increased levels of serum TSH. Based on SOD, CAT, GSH-px, and MDA, dogs with hypothyroidism had oxidative stress. Following 45-day treatment with levothyroxine sodium (0.02 mg/kg orally twice daily), antioxidant parameters improved progressively: SOD increased from 60.2 to 76.7 U/mL (Day 0-14) and further to 83.3 U/mL (Day 45); CAT from 105.9 to 115.5 mU/mL (Day 0-14) reaching 132.9 mU/mL (Day 45); GSH-Px from 10.2 to 8.4 U/mL (Day 0-14) then 9.7 U/mL (Day 45), while MDA decreased from 8.2→6.8→4.4 μmol/L correspondingly. In conclusion, increased serum TSH and MDA concentrations, in addition to decreased serum T4 and fT4 concentrations and decreased SOD and CAT activities, indicated that there was oxidative stress in dogs with hypothyroidism. However, there were significant improvements in the redox status of biomarkers in the serum of dogs with hypothyroidism after treatment with levothyroxine sodium (0.02 mg/kg twice daily) for 45 days.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".