Enhanced terahertz radiation from nanorod array targets irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultraintense laser interactions with a metal foil offer an emerging approach toward the generation of intense terahertz (THz) radiation, and how to improve the THz generation efficiency remains an open question. Here, we report the enhanced generation of THz radiation from ultraintense laser-irradiated nanostructured targets where metallic nanorod arrays are fabricated on the front surface of foil targets. The influences of nanorod lengths on the THz radiation emitted from the foil rear surface are investigated experimentally. Compared to the case of flat foil targets, a maximum enhancement in the THz pulse energy by a factor of 2.3 is observed by varying the nanorod length, and the THz peak emission direction moves toward the target surface with longer nanorods. Measurements of escaping fast electrons imply that the boosted THz yield is attributed to the enhanced laser absorption, and thus, the substantial increase in the fast-electron number. Particle-in-cell simulations reproduce well the experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".