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Record W4409216400 · doi:10.1093/molbev/msag117

IQ-TREE 3: Phylogenomic Inference Software using Complex Evolutionary Models

2025· preprint· en· W4409216400 on OpenAlexafffund
Thomas K. F. Wong, Nhan Ly-Trong, Huaiyan Ren, Hector Baños, Andrew J. Roger, Edward Susko, Chris Bielow, Nicola De Maio, Nick Goldman, Matthew W. Hahn, Gavin Huttley, Robert Lanfear, Bùi Quang Minh

Bibliographic record

VenueMolecular Biology and Evolution · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicEvolution and Genetic Dynamics
Canadian institutionsDalhousie University
FundersCentre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Australian Research CouncilNational Cancer InstituteBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMedical Research CouncilChan Zuckerberg InitiativeNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchCentre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Australian Research CouncilNational Computational InfrastructureEMBL AustraliaNational Foundation for Science and Technology DevelopmentEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryAustralian GovernmentGordon and Betty Moore FoundationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsInferenceComputer scienceTree (set theory)Software evolutionPhylogenomicsSoftwareMachine learningArtificial intelligencePhylogeneticsBiologyProgramming languageSoftware developmentMathematicsCladeGenetics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

IQ-TREE (https://iqtree.github.io/) is a widely used open-source software tool for efficiently inferring phylogenetic trees under maximum likelihood. Here, we present IQ-TREE version 3, the third major release of the software. IQ-TREE 3 significantly extends version 2 with new features, including mixture models as an alternative to partitioned models, gene and site concordance factors to quantify discordance between genomic regions, integration with phylogenomic divergence time estimation, and a fully featured sequence simulator. The IQ-TREE 3 source code is available at https://github.com/iqtree/iqtree3.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.012
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Software · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.070
Threshold uncertainty score0.233

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.012
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.003
Bibliometrics0.0030.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0040.004
Open science0.0050.004
Research integrity0.0020.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0700.038

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.306
Teacher spread0.284 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreSoftware

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations331
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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