Structure and kinematics of the interacting group NGC 5098/5096
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context. Most galaxies in the Universe are found in groups that have various morphologies and dynamical states. Studying how groups evolve is an important step for our understanding of both large-scale structure formation and galaxy evolution. Aims. We analysed a system composed of two groups at z ≃ 0.037, NGC 5098, a group dominated by a pair of elliptical galaxies, and NGC 5096, a compact system that appears to be interacting with NGC 5098. We describe its current dynamical state in order to investigate how it fits in our current cosmological framework. Methods. Our analysis is based on deep Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT/MegaCam) g and r imaging, archival Chandra X-ray data, and publicly available data of the galaxy redshift distribution. We modelled the surface brightness of the 12 brightest galaxies in the field of view and investigated the diffuse intragroup light that we detected. With a redshift sample of 112 galaxies, we studied the dynamical states of both groups. Results. We detected low surface brightness diffuse light associated with both galaxy–galaxy interactions and a possible group–group collision. The substructure we found in velocity space indicates a past interaction between the two groups. This is further corroborated by the X-ray analysis. Conclusions. We conclude that NGC 5098 and NGC 5096 form a complex system that may have collided in the past, thus producing a sloshing observed in X-rays and a large-scale diffuse component of intragroup light as well as some important tidal debris.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".