Poly(Butylene Adipate‐Co‐Terephthalate)/Silane‐Treated Wollastonite‐Based Blown Film for Sustainable Packaging Application: Studying the Impact of Uniaxial Stretching on the Final Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The demand for biodegradable packaging is rising due to plastic pollution corncerns. This study develops biodegradable composites based on poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and silane‐treated wollastonite (S‐W) at two concentrations (15 and 25 wt%) through a combination of melt extrusion and blow‐film extrusion techniques. Next, the PBAT/S‐W composite films underwent uniaxial stretching in the machine direction (MD) to study the effects on their morphology, mechanical and thermal properties, barrier performance, contact angle, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) at different stretch ratios (SR). The incorporation of S‐W at 15 wt% increased the mechanical properties, achieving ≈500% for tensile strength and 1000% for Young's modulus for SR6. Thermal and XRD analyses demonstrated that uniaxial stretching significantly enhanced film crystallinity because of strain‐induced crystallization. Morphological analysis indicated two opposing effects at high SR: a pronounced alignment of molecular chains in the MD and weak adhesion between the filler and polymer matrix, which can impact the material's structural integrity. The water vapor barrier properties of the PBAT/S‐W25% blown film at SR6 exhibited a remarkable 42% improvement compared to the unstretched version. This advancement, resulting from the elevated crystallinity, establishes PBAT/S‐W as a viable eco‐friendly substitute for single‐use plastics in the field of biodegradable packaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".