Multifunctional Hole Transport Strategy for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exhibited excellent performance in efficiency, while the stability and reproducibility of the PSCs still need to be improved. In this work, we present a multifunctional hole transport approach for inverted PSCs, where NiO X, SAM (( E )-3-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)acrylic acid, abbreviated as MPTCA) and a wetting agent (2-phenylethylamine hydroiodide, known as PEAI) are employed for hole-transport materials (HTMs). This NiO X /MPTCA/PEAI composite layer is uniform and has good wetting properties, which enables the formation of a high-quality perovskite film, effectively minimizing defects that typically occur at the buried interface. An outstanding champion efficiency of 24.74% was obtained for the devices, followed by enhanced reproducibility with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.13 ± 0.26%, which is notably higher than that (22.73 ± 0.62%) of the pristine MPTCA-based PSCs. More importantly, the composited HTL-based devices without encapsulation demonstrated remarkable stability, with a decrease of less than 10% in the initial efficiency after 500 h of continuous light soaking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".